Ucrânia flag Ucrânia: Contexto político-econômico

O quadro político da Ucrânia

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders
President: Volodymyr Zelensky (since 20 May 2019)
Prime Minister: Denys Shmyhal (since 4 March 2020)
Next Election Dates
Presidential: still to be defined as the Ukrainian government has enacted martial law, and Ukrainian law does not allow elections to be held when martial law is in effect
Supreme Council: the electoral procedure ought to occur within a month after lifting the state of martial law, which was implemented in 2022 in response to the Russian invasion
Current Political Context
On February 24th 2022, Russia initiated a military conflict on the Ukrainian territory, which profoundly upsets the current political context in both countries and will have substantial political and economic ramifications. For the ongoing updates on the developments of Russia-Ukraine conflict please consult the dedicated pages on BBC News.

Following Russia’s invasion in February 2022, Ukraine's government declared martial law, mobilised its armed forces and called on citizens to resist. Western countries adopted an unprecedented range of sanctions against Russia and provided significant financial and humanitarian support, training and weapons to Ukraine. Ukraine launched its biggest counteroffensive in an effort to retake captured regions in the summer of 2024, further intensifying the conflict. However, issues including weak supply lines and a lack of personnel made it less successful. The United States persisted in offering significant military assistance, including cutting-edge equipment and instruction. However, internal disputes and logistical difficulties caused aid shipments to be delayed in the last year of the Biden administration, which had an impact on Ukraine's operational capabilities. In October 2024, the EU and its G7 partners decided to provide USD 50 billion to Ukraine to help with its humanitarian, military, and fiscal needs. In November, President Joe Biden authorized Ukraine to use powerful long-range American weapons inside Russia, while in September, the EU Parliament passed a resolution calling on member states to allow Ukraine to strike “legitimate military targets on Russian territory” with its own weapons.
Significant changes in the U.S. strategy for the Russo-Ukrainian conflict are expected as Donald Trump takes over as president. In the event that a ceasefire with Russia is reached, the administration is pushing for Ukraine to hold elections before the end of the year. Ukrainian officials, however, have voiced their reservations and called this idea a "failed plan" if it does not include full security guarantees to stop Russian aggression in the future. They contend that the current martial law makes elections impossible and emphasize the necessity of a stronger plan from important allies. In his initial week in office, President Trump halted foreign aid, adding to uncertainties about continued support for Ukraine. Trump has also indicated a desire to negotiate directly with Russian President Vladimir Putin to achieve a significant resolution to the conflict. Furthermore, Trump criticized Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy for not making a deal with Putin to avoid the war and has mocked Ukraine's reliance on U.S. aid. This approach suggests a potential shift towards bilateral negotiations, possibly sidelining Ukrainian interests. Furthermore, Trump's administration has proposed a ceasefire based on current frontlines, aiming to force both sides into peace talks.

Main Political Parties
Among the main parties represented in parliament stand:

- Servant of the people: founded in 2016 under the name of Party of decisive change, then renamed according to the comic television series whose main character is Volodymyr Zelensky
- European Solidarity (YeS): pro-European, it is the largest opposition party in the parliament
- All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" (Batkivshchyna): centrist, advocates for social justice, economic development, and closer ties with the European Union
- Voice (Holos): center-right, founded in 2019 by singer Sviatoslav Vakartchouk
- For the Future (ZM): centre-right, it is known for its close ties to the Ukrainian oligarch Ihor Kolomoyskyi
- Trust (Dovira): supports the ruling coalition
- Platform for Life and Peace: pro-Russian, it was a new parliamentary group formed after the Opposition Platform – For Life was banned due to allegations of having ties to Russia. On 20 June 2023, the party was banned by court
- Restoration of Ukraine: parliamentary group founded in 2022, cross-party alliance dedicated to rebuilding and revitalizing the country in the aftermath of the ongoing Russian invasion.
Executive Power
The President is the head of state and is elected by universal suffrage for five years. He is the commander-in-chief of the army and nominates the Prime Minister – the head of government – who must then be approved by Parliament as the leader of the party or the majority coalition. The Prime Minister does not have a fixed five-year term and serves as long as they maintain parliamentary support. Executive power is shared between the President and the Prime Minister. The President chooses the Minister of Defense and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, while the other ministers of the Council are nominated by the Prime Minister and approved by Parliament.
Legislative Power
The legislature in Ukraine is unicameral. The parliament, called the Verkhovna Rada (Supreme Council), consists of 450 seats, with its members chosen on a proportional basis from parties that gain 5% or more of the national electoral vote; members serve five-year terms. The President has the power to dissolve the Supreme Council under certain conditions, such as if it fails to form a government within the constitutional timeframe. The people of Ukraine have full political rights, including the ability to vote, form political parties, and participate in governance.
 

Indicator of Freedom of the Press

Definition:

The world rankings, published annually, measures violations of press freedom worldwide. It reflects the degree of freedom enjoyed by journalists, the media and digital citizens of each country and the means used by states to respect and uphold this freedom. Finally, a note and a position are assigned to each country. To compile this index, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) prepared a questionnaire incorporating the main criteria (44 in total) to assess the situation of press freedom in a given country. This questionnaire was sent to partner organisations,150 RWB correspondents, journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists. It includes every kind of direct attacks against journalists and digital citizens (murders, imprisonment, assault, threats, etc.) or against the media (censorship, confiscation, searches and harassment etc.).

World Rank:
97/180
 

Indicator of Political Freedom

Definition:

The Indicator of Political Freedom provides an annual evaluation of the state of freedom in a country as experienced by individuals. The survey measures freedom according to two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. The ratings process is based on a checklist of 10 political rights questions (on Electoral Process, Political Pluralism and Participation, Functioning of Government) and 15 civil liberties questions (on Freedom of Expression, Belief, Associational and Organizational Rights, Rule of Law, Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights). Scores are awarded to each of these questions on a scale of 0 to 4, where a score of 0 represents the smallest degree and 4 the greatest degree of rights or liberties present. The total score awarded to the political rights and civil liberties checklist determines the political rights and civil liberties rating. Each rating of 1 through 7, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of freedom, corresponds to a range of total scores.

Ranking:
Partly Free
Political Freedom:
3/7

Political freedom in the world (interactive map)
Source: Freedom in the World Report, Freedom House

 

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Últimas atualizações em February 2025