Tailândia flag Tailândia: Contexto político-econômico

Valores de comércio da Tailândia

Foreign Trade in Figures

Thailand is an emerging economy and active member of ASEAN and is very open to international trade, which represented 117% of the GDP in 2022 (World Bank, 2023). Main export commodities are Machinery (17% of total exports), electrical, electronic equipments (15%), motor vehicles (12%), rubber products (7.4%) and plastics (5.8%). Thailand mainly imports electrical, electronic equipments (20% of total imports), mineral fuels, oils, distillation products (15%), machinery (11%) and iron and steel (5.7%). The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is forecasting an increase of 5.7% in the volume of exports of goods and services of the country in 2023, after an increase of 7.4% in 2022 and an increase of 5.7% of its imports, after an increase of 6.7% in 2022.

In 2022, the country's main export partners were the United States (16% of total exports in 2022), China (14%), Japan (9.4%), Vietnam (4.7%) and Malaysia with 4.5% (World Bank, 2023). The main import partners were China (26% of total imports), Japan (14%), United States (5.7%) and Malaysia (4.7%). The US-China trade war could hurt Thai exports in the coming years, but the slowdown in China can be counterbalanced by the economic upturn in other markets. On the 15th of November 2020 Thailand has signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with 14 other Indo-Pacific countries. This free trade agreement is the largest trade deal in history, covering 30 per cent of the global economy. It includes the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN : Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and ASEAN’s free trade agreement partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand and Republic of Korea). The RCEP covers goods, services, investment, economic and technical cooperation. It also creates new rules for electronic commerce, intellectual property, government procurement, competition, and small and medium sized enterprises.

According to WTO data Thailand shipped USD 272 billion worth of products and USD 24.17 billion of services in 2022, while imports of goods and services stood at USD 266.88 billion and 65.24 billion respectively. In the first 11 months of 2022, exports increased 7.6 percent from the same period a year earlier, compared with the Thailand ministry’s target of a 4 percent export rise for the full year (Malaya Business Insight, 2023).

 
Foreign Trade Values 20182019202020212022
Imports of Goods (million USD) 248,201236,260206,156266,882303,191
Exports of Goods (million USD) 252,957246,269231,634272,006287,068
Imports of Services (million USD) 54,93956,85545,46657,87162,710
Exports of Services (million USD) 77,47481,17830,99725,43840,578

Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data

Foreign Trade Indicators 20182019202020212022
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) 120.8109.797.8117.2133.9
Trade Balance (million USD) 22,38826,72540,40232,35410,814
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) 44,92251,04725,933-79-12,296
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) 8.3-5.2-13.917.84.1
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) 3.4-3.0-19.711.16.8
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 56.050.246.358.668.1
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 64.859.551.558.665.8

Source: World Bank ; Latest available data

Foreign Trade Forecasts 2023 (e)2024 (e)2025 (e)2026 (e)2027 (e)
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) 6.47.04.03.93.3
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) 3.15.14.44.23.7

Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data

Note: (e) Estimated Data

 
International Economic Cooperation
Thailand is a member of the following international economic organisations: IMF, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ICC, Colombo Plan, WTO, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), G-77, among others. For the full list of economic and other international organisations in which participates Thailand click here. International organisation membership of Thailand is also outlined here.
Free Trade Agreements
Thailand is a member of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) signed on 15 November 2020. The complete and up-to-date list of Free Trade Agreements signed by Thailand can be consulted here.
 

Main Partner Countries

Main Customers
(% of Exports)
2021
United States 15.5%
China 13.7%
Japan 9.2%
Vietnam 4.6%
Malaysia 4.5%
See More Countries 52.6%
Main Suppliers
(% of Imports)
2021
China 24.8%
Japan 13.3%
United States 5.4%
Malaysia 4.5%
South Korea 3.7%
See More Countries 48.4%

Source: Comtrade, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

 
 

Main Products

266.7 bn USD of products exported in 2021
Automatic data-processing machines and units...Automatic data-processing machines and units thereof; magnetic or optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto data media in coded form and machines for processing such data, n.e.s. 5.3%
Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally...Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars (excl. motor vehicles of heading 8702) 4.0%
Parts and accessories for tractors, motor vehicles...Parts and accessories for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles of heading 8701 to 8705, n.e.s. 3.2%
Electronic integrated circuits; parts thereofElectronic integrated circuits; parts thereof 3.1%
Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, incl....Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, incl. chassis with engine and cab 3.0%
See More Products 81.3%
268.2 bn USD of products imported in 2021
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous...Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude 9.5%
Electronic integrated circuits; parts thereofElectronic integrated circuits; parts thereof 5.6%
Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought...Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought or not further worked than semi-manufactured or in powder form 3.1%
Telephone sets, incl. telephones for cellular...Telephone sets, incl. telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks; other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, incl. apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network [such as a local or wide area network]; parts thereof (excl. than transmission or reception apparatus of heading 8443, 8525, 8527 or 8528) 2.9%
Parts and accessories for tractors, motor vehicles...Parts and accessories for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles of heading 8701 to 8705, n.e.s. 2.4%
See More Products 76.5%

Source: Comtrade, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

 
 

To go further, check out our service Import Export Flows.

 

Main Services

31.0 bn USD of services exported in 2020
43.65%
38.67%
10.76%
2.51%
1.01%
0.91%
0.73%
0.58%
0.54%
0.47%
0.17%
45.3 bn USD of services imported in 2020
40.15%
28.49%
9.95%
8.49%
5.36%
2.71%
2.00%
1.23%
0.79%
0.65%
0.18%

Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2023. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

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Últimas atualizações em November 2023