Singapura flag Singapura: Contexto político-econômico

O quadro político de Singapura

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders
President: THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (since 14 September 2023)
Prime Minister: Minister Lawrence WONG (since 15 May 2024)
Next Election Dates
Presidential: 2029
Parliamentary: 23 November 2025
Current Political Context
The People’s Action Party (PAP), which has ruled the country since it gained independence in 1965, remains a dominant ruling party in Singapore’s politics. A disruption to the succession plan occurred after the announcement in 2021 by Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keat to step down as leader of the fourth-generation PAP team: Prime Minister (PM) Lee Hsien Loong had planned in 2020 to step aside two years later, but the pandemic delayed his departure. Prior to elevating him to deputy prime minister, PM Lee appointed Finance Minister Lawrence Wong as the new leader in 2021. After two decades as Singapore’s Prime Minister, 72-year-old Lee Hsien Loong stepped down in May 2024. In a seamless and well-orchestrated transition, Lawrence Wong has been sworn in as the country’s fourth leader since independence in 1965. The immediate focus of the fourth-generation leadership team is to secure a mandate in the next general election, which will be held by November 2025 in what is likely to be a more volatile global economic environment. In fact, Singapore may be severely impacted by widespread U.S. tariff impositions and indications of slowing development in China due to its status as a key maritime and logistics hub. The conviction of a serving minister since 1986 for accepting personal gifts while in public office is one example that the People's Action Party has frequently used to showcase its governance record. However, previous election outcomes demonstrate that voters' decisions can be significantly influenced by current socioeconomic concerns.
Main Political Parties
Although Singapore is a multi-party nation, the centre-right Parti d'action populaire (PAP) has dominated its legislature since 1959 and continues to hold an overwhelming majority of the single-chamber parliament.

Opposition parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. Some opposition groups include:
- Workers' Party of Singapore (WP): centre-left, opposition party with the most seats
- Progress Singapore Party (PSP): centre-right
- Singapore Democratic Party (SDP): a liberal-democratic party.
Executive Power
The President of Singapore is the Head of State, and the role is largely ceremonial, though the President retains some discretionary powers in areas such as financial reserves and key public service appointments. After legislative elections, the President appoints the leader of the majority party or coalition as Prime Minister, who serves as the head of Government. The Prime Minister, along with the Cabinet, holds executive powers, including implementing laws and overseeing the day-to-day administration of the country.
Legislative Power
The legislature is unicameral in Singapore. The Parliament consists of up to 105 seats: ninety-three are elected by the people while up to 12 Non-constituency Members of Parliament (NCMP) and up to nine Nominated Members of Parliament (NMP) may be appointed. After the 2020 general election, 93 MPs were elected and two NCMPs were appointed (or, in the terms of the Parliamentary Elections Act, declared elected) to Parliament. While Parliament technically oversees the actions of the government and expresses its support through mechanisms like votes of confidence, the dominant-party system means the ruling People's Action Party (PAP) typically has strong control over legislative processes.
 

Indicator of Freedom of the Press

Definition:

The world rankings, published annually, measures violations of press freedom worldwide. It reflects the degree of freedom enjoyed by journalists, the media and digital citizens of each country and the means used by states to respect and uphold this freedom. Finally, a note and a position are assigned to each country. To compile this index, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) prepared a questionnaire incorporating the main criteria (44 in total) to assess the situation of press freedom in a given country. This questionnaire was sent to partner organisations,150 RWB correspondents, journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists. It includes every kind of direct attacks against journalists and digital citizens (murders, imprisonment, assault, threats, etc.) or against the media (censorship, confiscation, searches and harassment etc.).

World Rank:
160/180
 

Indicator of Political Freedom

Definition:

The Indicator of Political Freedom provides an annual evaluation of the state of freedom in a country as experienced by individuals. The survey measures freedom according to two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. The ratings process is based on a checklist of 10 political rights questions (on Electoral Process, Political Pluralism and Participation, Functioning of Government) and 15 civil liberties questions (on Freedom of Expression, Belief, Associational and Organizational Rights, Rule of Law, Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights). Scores are awarded to each of these questions on a scale of 0 to 4, where a score of 0 represents the smallest degree and 4 the greatest degree of rights or liberties present. The total score awarded to the political rights and civil liberties checklist determines the political rights and civil liberties rating. Each rating of 1 through 7, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of freedom, corresponds to a range of total scores.

Ranking:
Partly Free
Political Freedom:
4/7

Political freedom in the world (interactive map)
Source: Freedom in the World Report, Freedom House

 

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Últimas atualizações em February 2025