Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mauritius

FDI in Figures

Mauritius is the fifth largest destination for FDI in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), after the Bahamas, Jamaica, Maldives, and Barbados. According to UNCTAD's World Investment Report 2023, FDI flows to Mauritius were stable at USD 252 million in 2022; however, the figure is still lower than the three-year average recorded before the pandemic (USD 461 million in 2017-19). At the end of the same period, the total stock of FDI stood at USD 5.6 billion, around 43.9% of the country’s GDP. The main investors are the United States, India, the United Kingdom, the Cayman Islands, and Hong Kong. Traditionally, the tourism sector attracts the most FDI, particularly the Integrated Resort Scheme, which deals with the construction of luxury villas, golf courses, and other amenities in the resort areas. Other sectors that attract FDIs are financial and insurance services and construction. As per the Bank of Mauritius, gross direct investment inflows to Mauritius totaled MUR 23,100 million for the initial three quarters of 2023, up from MUR 18,231 million during the same timeframe in 2022. The primary recipients of these inflows were the “real estate activities” sector (68.6%), followed by the “accommodation and food service activities” sector (10.7%). France (20.6%) and South Africa (11%) were the primary sources of gross direct investments into Mauritius.

Mauritius aims to become an investment hub located midway between Africa and Asia. In recent years, the country's economic diplomacy has sought to create and strengthen partnerships with emerging countries (India, Turkey, etc.), while also offering technical assistance to several African countries. Agreements with Ghana, Senegal, and Madagascar have been approved in order to create special economic zones (SEZ) in those countries and open niche markets for Mauritian exports. Moreover, one of the key factors that have contributed to Mauritius' success in attracting FDI is its network of double taxation avoidance treaties with over 45 countries. Only a few sectors are subject to restrictions, including television broadcasting (49.9% foreign ownership limit), sugar production (15%), and newspaper or magazine publishing; whereas in the tourism sector limitations are related to a minimum investment amount, the number of rooms, or the maximum equity participation (visit the Tourism Authority website for further information). In the construction sector, foreign consultants or contractors are required to register with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB). In addition to the Government's incentives for investments (special economic zones, tax incentives, payment facilities, etc.), the country offers a stable economic and political environment, a solid judicial system, modern infrastructure, a stable financial system, and a highly skilled and dynamic workforce. Corruption in the country is low by regional standards (Mauritius ranks 55th out of 180 economies in the latest Corruption Perception Index). Additionally, the government of Mauritius has implemented various initiatives to attract foreign investments, such as the Economic Development Board (EDB), which provides a one-stop-shop for investors looking to set up businesses in Mauritius. The Heritage Foundation classifies Mauritius as 19th out of 184 countries in its latest Index of Economic Freedom ranking.

What to consider if you invest in Mauritius

Strong Points

Mauritius has a number of assets to attract foreign investors, including:

• a bilingual workforce (French and English)
• a strategic position between Africa and Asia
• stable democratic institutions
• excellent business climate (the 2022 Index of Economic Freedom, published by the Heritage Foundation, ranked Mauritius first among 47 countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa region and 30th globally)
• the country is a low-tax jurisdiction and deploys several investment incentives (e.g. reduced corporate tax rate of 3% for companies engaged in global trading activities, investment tax credit on the cost of new plant and machinery, 100% foreign ownership permitted, etc.)
• one of the highest GDP per capita in Africa
• double taxation agreements with 46 countries and a well-developed legal and regulatory framework
• several trade agreements (including those with China, India, the UK, the EU, and the U.S.)
• low corruption by regional standards (57th out of 180 countries in the Corruption Perception Index 2022).

Weak Points

The country's weaknesses include:

• dependence on food and energy imports
• dependence on the main trading partners and on the tourism sector
• the small size of the internal market
• poor infrastructure
• exposure to climate change, subject to periodic cyclones
• high unemployment and a shortage of skilled labour in certain sectors.

Government Measures to Motivate or Restrict FDI

The Mauritian government has created a positive environment for business and provides several investment incentives, including:

• 100% foreign ownership and free repatriation of profits, dividends and capital
• tax-free dividends and no capital gains tax
• reduced corporate tax rate (3%) for companies engaged in global trading activities
• accelerated depreciation on the acquisition of plant, machinery, and equipment
• imported equipment is exempt from customs duty
• annual allowance of 100% on the capital expenditure for the acquisition of a solar energy unit
• an investment tax credit of 5% over three years on the cost of new plant and machinery
• five-year tax holiday for companies collaborating with the Mauritius Africa Fund for the development of infrastructure in Special Economic Zones.